How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is a condition that affects children however, it can affect adults. If diagnosed and treated for ADHD the patient can live a better life.
An assessment for ADHD may involve interviewing the person and family members. The specialist could look over old school records to determine if symptoms began as an infant.
Symptoms
Everyone struggles with concentration and staying organized from time to time, but for someone who has ADHD the issues can be a hindrance with work, school and even home life. A person must show major symptoms in two of these areas, and they must be able to significantly impact the way they function in their daily lives for them to be identified as having ADHD. The symptoms must have been present for at least six months.
A doctor will inquire with the patient about their symptoms, as well as regarding any medical issues or family history. They can also utilize rating scales to measure adult's or child's symptoms. These questionnaires are usually based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). These include questions about the symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and an impulsive nature.
Adults might be asked to speak with their spouse or someone they know well. This isn't to doubt the authenticity of the person, but rather to gain a better understanding of a person's behavior that can't be gathered from an interview. It is also possible to inquire about their childhood behavior, and look at old school records to determine whether the symptoms began before the age of 12.
Before making a diagnosis, the doctor will perform physical examinations and tests in the lab to rule out any other health issues, like thyroid problems or head injuries which can trigger similar symptoms. The doctor will also look over the patient's medications. Doctors will take into consideration the interaction between stimulants and medications prescribed for depression, high blood pressure, and other ailments. It is crucial that adults speak with their primary healthcare provider if they suspect they may be suffering from ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must manifest in at least two different settings (such as home, school, and work) and affect the functioning of the individual. The symptoms must have manifested before the age of 12 and cannot be caused by another disorder, such as anxiety or depression.
A psychiatrist or a mental health professional will employ a variety of tools during an evaluation, including ADHD symptoms checklists as well as standardized behavior rating scales and a detailed medical history. They may also interview family members and friends to determine how the individual's symptoms have affected them. They can also inquire whether there are any other psychiatric conditions or physical conditions that have similar symptoms.
The evaluators will decide if the symptoms are mild or severe. They will also review the medical history of the patient and family history to make sure there is no root cause for their issues like thyroid disorders or head injuries, or medications.
In certain instances an evaluator might decide to conduct a cognitive test or have the person undergo an imaging test to rule out any other possible causes for their symptoms, like mood disorders, learning disabilities, personality disorders or addiction to drugs. People with these problems often present very differently from those who do not suffer from them. For instance, boys are more likely to have hyperactive symptoms while girls inattentive symptoms.
A few people suffering from ADHD might be interested in participating in studies to test new treatments. While this is an excellent way to help further research, it is crucial for participants to understand that the purpose behind these studies is to increase information from the scientific community and does not necessarily ensure that they will receive treatment. For more information on clinical trials, check out NIMH's Clinical Trials fact sheet.
Treatment
If you suspect you have ADHD seek out a specialist who is trained to identify the disorder. Contact your health insurance provider to determine whether ADHD specialists are covered. You can also seek referrals from family doctors or other health professionals. Also, word-of mouth referrals are a good option.
A doctor will interview the patient -- or their parents, in the case of children -- about symptoms. She might use checklists with standardized criteria or ADHD symptoms, and also ask others in the person's life for information including spouses and families. Personal insights can provide more information than what can be gleaned from questionnaires.
Experts will also examine any documents from the past and reports, particularly those from the past. The diagnosis of ADHD is often dependent on the past of an individual. To be diagnosed the symptoms must have been present from childhood (technically, before the age 12).
Physical examinations are also often performed. It's also examined for other medical conditions that may be causing symptoms, for instance seizures or thyroid issues. A neurological examination is often conducted by the expert to test the coordination and motor control. Psychological tests, designed to test intelligence and ability, might be used as well. A person could be required to complete simple computer tasks designed to test memory and attention. This can help an expert determine if a person is hyperactive or not. The expert will choose the best treatment plan and then make a diagnosis. Treatment plans usually include medication and therapy. Talk therapy or psychotherapy can help adults and children learn healthy coping strategies and alter destructive thought patterns. This therapy is usually performed by an primary care physician or a mental health professional who is specialized in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people with ADHD are helped by medication, though it's not the only way to treat the condition. Children, teenagers and adults are also able to benefit from a psychotherapy session, behavioral therapy or the combination of both. These therapies aid them in dealing with their ADHD symptoms and learn to manage these symptoms. They may include psychoeducation, which is an education about ADHD and methods to manage it. They can also include family members, teachers and professionals.
It is essential to find a mental health professional or health care provider who has experience in treating ADHD. You can seek suggestions from others who suffer from ADHD or from a mental health provider you already know, or do an online search. It is essential to find a specialist who is familiar with your insurance.
To determine if your child has ADHD to determine the cause, a health care provider will ask about your or your child's symptoms and issues caused by them. They will conduct an examination of the body and look for other health issues that may cause similar symptoms. They will look over your your child's medical and family history, school records, and other reports.
Finding out if you have ADHD in adults can be a bit more difficult due to the fact that the symptoms Guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-V) are mostly geared toward diagnosing children. Your doctor may interview you or your children about their symptoms and ask others who spend a lot of time with them fill out questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. adhd adults diagnosis uk used to treat ADHD include stimulants, such as methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine, and nonstimulants like atomoxetine or certain antidepressants. They work by boosting levels of brain chemicals, known as neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people with ADHD have co-occurring disorders such as anxiety or depression. The treatment should therefore include therapy that addresses these issues. Certain patients may benefit from cognitive behavioral treatment, which teaches skills like managing time and tasks and emotional self-regulation.
Therapists can also help patients to manage their symptoms by changing their lifestyle. For example an exercise routine that is regularly practiced can reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthier diet is also essential for those with ADHD tend to consume more sugar and fat and less vegetables and fruits than other people. In addition, making family and social relationships prioritizing relationships can reduce stress levels and help individuals feel more in control of their lives.
A diagnosis of ADHD can aid adults and children to recognize their issues. For instance, a child with ADHD may have trouble communicating his or her needs to teachers and peers, but when a teacher realizes that it's not personal or due to laziness accommodations can be provided.
A professional who is evaluating ADHD will ask questions that are targeted to the individual's age, interview family and teachers, look over medical records, and look for any comorbid conditions. If ADHD symptoms started before adulthood school records can be helpful for adults.
A physical exam is usually included, and the expert will likely test for hearing and vision problems. The doctor could also conduct an examination of the blood to test for certain hormones, as well as other health issues that could cause symptoms similar to ADHD.